Nyika zhinji dzeUS dzakagumisa kuti solar, mhepo uye mamwe masimba emagetsi anogona kunge asina kukwana kuchengetedza magetsi sezvo vachitsvaga kudzikisa zvakanyanya kushandisa kwavo mafuta efossil.
PROVIDENCE, RI - Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichisundidzira nyika dzeUS kuti dzideredze mashandisiro adzo efossil fuels, vazhinji vakagumisa kuti solar, mhepo uye mamwe magetsi emagetsi anogona kunge asina kukwana kuti zvinhu zvienderere mberi.
Sezvo nyika dziri kushandura marasha, oiri uye gasi kuderedza kuburitswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kudzivirira kukanganisa kwakaipisisa kwepasi rinodziya, simba renyukireya riri kubuda semhinduro yekuzadza simba renyukireya. Magedhi ari kugadzira mareactor madiki, anochipa kuti awedzere magidhi emagetsi munharaunda dzemuUS
magetsi ezuva
Simba renyukireya rine dambudziko raro ringangoitika, kunyanya marara ane mwaranzi anogona kuramba aine ngozi kwezviuru zvemakore. Asi vanotsigira vanoti njodzi idzi dzinogona kudzikiswa, uye simba rakakosha pakudzikamisa magetsi apo nyika inoedza kuzvirumura pacarbon dioxide- kubudisa fossil fuels.
Jeff Lyash, purezidhendi uye CEO weTennessee Valley Authority, akazvitaura zviri nyore: Hapana kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwekubuda kwekabhoni pasina simba renyukireya.
"Panguva ino nekufamba kwenguva, handisi kuona nzira inotisvitsa ikoko tisina kuchengeta ngarava dziripo uye kuvaka zvivakwa zvenyukireya," akadaro Lyash. ”
TVA ishandiso inopihwa nemubatanidzwa inopa magetsi kumatunhu manomwe uye ndiyo yechitatu pakukura kwemagetsi ejenareta muUnited States.Ichawedzera anenge 10,000 megawatts emagetsi ezuva panosvika 2035-inokwana kusimba dzimba dzinosvika miriyoni pagore-uye inoshandawo matatu. magwenya emagetsi enyukireya uye zvirongwa zvekuyedza reactor diki muOak Ridge, Tennessee. Pakazosvika 2050, inotarisira kuwana net-zero emissions, zvichireva kuti hapasisina magasi egreenhouse anogadzirwa pane anobviswa mumhepo.
Ongororo yeAssociated Press yezvemitemo yesimba mumatunhu makumi mashanu neDunhu reColumbia yakawana kuti ruzhinji (zvinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu) vanotenda kuti simba renyukireya richabatsira kutsiva mafuta ezvisaririra neimwe nzira. yekutanga kuwedzera kwekuvaka nyukireya reactor muUnited States mumakore anopfuura makumi matatu.
Chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chematunhu uye District of Columbia vachipindura kuongororo yeAP vakati vakanga vasina hurongwa hwekuisa simba renyukireya muzvinangwa zvavo zvemagetsi egirinhi, vachivimba zvakanyanya nesimba rinogoneka. mukuchengetedza simba remabhatiri, kudyara mumagetsi emagetsi epakati pepamusoro-soro, kuderedza kudiwa kubva mumadhamu emagetsi emvura uye kushanda nesimba kwemagetsi.
magetsi ezuva
Kupatsanurana kwenyika dzeUS pamusoro pesimba renyukireya kunoratidza nharo dzakafanana dziri kuitika muEurope, nenyika dzinosanganisira Germany dzichibvisa mareactor adzo nevamwe, vakaita seFrance, vachiomerera nehunyanzvi kana kuronga kuvaka zvimwe.
Hutongi hweBiden, hwakatsvaga kutora matanho ane hukasha ekudzikisa kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse, hunopokana kuti simba renyukireya rinogona kubatsira kutsiva kudzikira kwemafuta ekabhoni mugedhi remagetsi reUS.
Munyori wezvemagetsi muUS, Jennifer Granholm, akaudza The Associated Press kuti hurumende inoda kuwana zero-carbon magetsi, "zvinoreva nyukireya, zvinoreva kuti hydro, zvinoreva geothermal, izvo zviri pachena kuti mhepo nemhepo yekumahombekombe, zvinoreva solar..”
"Tinoda zvese," Granholm akadaro panguva yekushanya kuProvidence, Rhode Island, muna Zvita kusimudzira chirongwa chemhepo kubva kumahombekombe.
Iyo $1 trillion yezvivakwa pasuru yeBiden yakatsigirwa uye yakasainwa kuita mutemo gore rapfuura yaizogovera mari inosvika mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu emadhora kumapurojekiti ekuratidzira epamusoro. Bazi reMagetsi rakati tsvakiridzo kubva kuPrinceton University neUS Decarbonization Research Initiative yakaratidza kuti simba renyukireya rinodiwa kuita kabhoni- ramangwana rakasununguka.
Granholm yakaburitsawo matekinoroji matsva anosanganisira hydrogen uye kutorwa nekuchengetwa kwecarbon dioxide isati yaburitswa mumhepo.
Nuclear reactors akashanda zvakavimbika uye pasina kabhoni kwemakumi emakore, uye nhaurirano iripo yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze inounza zvakanakira simba renyukireya pamberi, akadaro Maria Kornick, purezidhendi uye CEO weNuclear Energy Association.
"Chiyero chegridi iyi kuUnited States, chinoda chimwe chinhu chinogara chiripo, uye chinoda chimwe chinhu chinogona kunge chiri musana wegridi iyi, kana uchida," akadaro. yenyukireya.”
Edwin Lyman, mutungamiriri wekuchengetedzwa kwesimba renyukireya kuUnion of Concerned Scientists, akati tekinoroji yenyukireya ichiri nenjodzi huru idzo dzimwe nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzine kabhoni shoma dzisina. magetsi anodhura, akadaro.Anonetsekawo kuti indasitiri inogona kuderedza kuchengetedzwa nekuchengeteka kuchengetedza mari uye kukwikwidzana mumusika.Boka racho haripesani nekushandiswa kwesimba renyukireya, asi rinoda kuve nechokwadi kuti rakachengeteka.
"Handina tarisiro yekuti tichaona kuchengetedzwa kwakaringana nekuchengetedza izvo zvingaita kuti ndigadzikane nekutorwa kana kuendeswa kweaya anonzi madiki modular reactor munyika yose," akadaro Lyman.
IUS hainawo zvirongwa zvenguva refu zvekutarisira kana kurasa tsvina ine ngozi inogona kunge iri munharaunda kwemazana ezviuru zvemakore, uye zvese marara uye reactor zviri panjodzi yetsaona kana kurwiswa kwakanangidzirwa, akadaro Lyman.The 2011 ngwavaira dzenyukireya paThree Mile Island, Pennsylvania, Chernobyl, uye misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru, Fukushima, Japan, yakagovera nyevero inogarisa yengozi dzacho.
Simba renyukireya rinotopa inosvika zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzana zvemagetsi eAmerica uye inenge hafu yesimba reAmerica risina kabhoni.Mazhinji enzvimbo dzinoshanda 93 dzenyika dziri kumabvazuva kweRwizi rweMississippi.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020, Nuclear Regulatory Commission yakabvumidza imwe chete diki modular reactor dhizaini - kubva kukambani inonzi NuScale Power. Mamwe makambani matatu akaudza komiti kuti vari kuronga kunyorera magadzirirwo avo. Vese vanoshandisa mvura kutonhodza pakati.
Iyo NRC inotarisirwa kuendesa magadzirirwo anosvika hafu yegumi nemaviri mareactor epamberi anoshandisa zvinhu zvisiri zvemvura kutonhodza pakati, zvakaita segasi, simbi yemvura kana munyu wakanyungudutswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira chirongwa chekambani yeGates' TerraPower muWyoming, marasha makuru. -producing state in the United States.Yakagara ichivimba nemarasha kune simba nemabasa uye inotumira kune inopfuura hafu yenyika.
Sezvo zvishandiswa zvinobuda marasha, Wyoming iri kushandisa simba remhepo uye yakaisa mhepo yechitatu pakukura kwemhepo chero ipi zvayo muna 2020, kuseri kweTexas neIowa chete. Simba renyika rinofanirwa kupihwa zvachose nemhepo nesolar.Simba renewable rinofanira kushanda pamwe chete nehumwe matekinoroji akaita senyukireya nehydrogen, akadaro.
TerraPower inoronga kuvaka yayo yepamusoro reactor demonstration plant muKemmerer, taundi revanhu 2,700 kumadokero kweWyoming, uko chisimwa chemagetsi chemarasha chiri kuvharika.Iyo inonzi reactor inoshandisa tekinoroji yesodium, sodium-cooled fast reactor ine simba rekuchengetedza simba.
MuWest Virginia, imwe nyika inovimba nemarasha, vamwe vamiriri vemitemo vari kuyedza kumisa kumisa hurumende kuvaka zvivakwa zvitsva zvenyukireya.
Chechipiri cheTerraPower-design reactor ichavakwa paIdaho National Laboratory.Kuedza kunyungudutswa kwechloride reactor kuchava nepakati diki sefiriji uye munyu wakanyungudutswa kuti utonhodze panzvimbo pemvura.
Pakati pedzimwe nyika dzinotsigira simba renyukireya, Georgia inosimbirira kuti kuwedzera kwayo reactor yenyukireya "kuchapa Georgia simba rakachena rakakwana" kwemakore 60 kusvika 80. Georgia ine chirongwa chenyukireya chete chiri kuvakwa muU. mareactors kusvika ku four. Mari yose yava kupeta nekaviri madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemana ezvakafanotaurwa pakutanga, uye chirongwa chacho chasara pamakore.
New Hampshire inoti zvinangwa zvezvakatipoteredza hazvikwanisike kuwanikwa pasina simba renyukireya.The Alaska Energy Authority yanga ichironga kushandiswa kwemagetsi madiki enyukireya kubva 2007, zvichida kutanga kumigodhi iri kure uye zvigaro zvemauto.
Sangano reMaryland Energy Authority rakataura kuti kunyangwe zvibodzwa zvese zvesimba rinodzokororwa zvichirumbidzwa uye mitengo iri kuderera, "nenguva yemberi inofanoona, tichada mafuta akasiyana siyana," kusanganisira nyukireya uye yakachena gasi gasi powertrains, kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika uye elasticity. gwenya remagetsi enyukireya muMaryland, uye Energy Administration iri muhurukuro nemugadziri wezvidiki modular reactor.
Vamwe vakuru vakuru, zvikuru mumatunhu anotungamirwa neDemocratic, vanoti vari kufamba kupfuura simba renyukireya.Vamwe vanoti havana kuvimba nazvo kubva pakutanga uye havafungi kuti zvichadiwa mune ramangwana.
Zvichienzaniswa nekuisa ma turbines emhepo kana solar panels, mutengo wemareactor matsva, kunetseka kwekuchengetedza uye mibvunzo isina kugadziriswa pamusoro pekuchengetedza tsvina yenyukireya ine ngozi ndeye madhiri, vanodaro.Vamwe vezvemamiriro ekunze vanopikisa madiki modular reactor nekuda kwekunetseka kwekuchengetedza uye tsvina ine ngozi. zvinonetsa.The Sierra Club yakavarondedzera se "ngozi huru, mari yakakwirira uye inofungira zvakanyanya".
New York State ine zvibodzwa zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanya munyika, uye giredhi remagetsi remangwana richange richitongwa nemhepo, solar uye hydroelectric simba, akadaro Doreen Harris, purezidhendi uye CEO weNew York State Energy Research and Development Authority.
Harris akati anoona ramangwana rinopfuura nyukireya, kubva panosvika makumi matatu muzana esimba renyika nhasi kusvika pazvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana, asi nyika ichada kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri repamusoro, rinogara kwenguva refu uye pamwe dzakachena dzimwe nzira dzakaita semafuta ehydrogen.
Nevada inonyanya kukoshesa simba renyukireya mushure mekukundikana kwechirongwa chekuchengetedza hurumende yekutengeserana yakashandiswa mafuta enyukireya muYucca Mountain.Vakuru vehurumende ikoko havaoni simba renyukireya sechisarudzo chinoshanda.Panzvimbo iyoyo, vanoona zvingaita mune teknolojia yebheteri yekuchengetedza simba uye geothermal simba.
"Nevada inonzwisisa zviri nani kupfuura dzimwe nyika zhinji kuti tekinoroji yenyukireya ine nyaya dzinokosha dzehupenyu," David Bozien, director weNevada Gavhuna weEnergy Office, akadaro mukutaura. .”
California inoronga kuvhara iyo yekupedzisira yasara gwenya remagetsi enyukireya, Diablo Canyon, muna 2025 sezvo ichichinjira kune yakachipa inodzokororwa simba rekugonesa grid rayo ne2045.
Sekureva kwehurumende, vakuru vakuru vanotenda kuti kana California ikachengetedza kuwedzera kwemagetsi akachena pa "rekodhi rekodhi mumakore makumi maviri neshanu anotevera," kana kuvaka avhareji ye6 gigawatts ezviwanikwa zvitsva zvezuva, mhepo uye bhatiri gore negore, vakuru vakuru vanotenda kuti inogona kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.gwaro rekuronga.California inopinzawo magetsi anogadzirwa kune dzimwe nyika sechikamu cheWestern US grid system.
Vanopokana vanobvunza kana chirongwa cheCalifornia chesimba rinowanikwazve chichashanda munharaunda yevanhu vangangosvika mamirioni makumi mana.
Kunonoka kusiya basa kweDiablo Canyon kusvika 2035 kwaizochengetedza California $ 2.6 bhiriyoni mumitengo yemagetsi system, kuderedza mukana wekudzima uye kuderera kwekabhoni kubuda, tsvakiridzo yesainzi paStanford University uye MIT yakagumisa. Pakaburitswa chidzidzo muna Mbudzi, aimbove Munyori Wemagetsi weUS. Steven Chu akati US yakanga isati yagadzirira 100 muzana renewable simba chero nguva munguva pfupi.
"Dzichavepo kana mhepo ikasavhuvhuta uye zuva rikasapenya," akadaro." Uye isu tichada rimwe simba ratinogona kubatidza uye kutumira pakuda.Izvi zvinosiya zvingasarudzwa zviviri: fossil fuels kana nuclear yenyu.
Asi California Public Utilities Commission yakataura kuti kupfuura 2025, Diablo Canyon inogona kuda "seismic upgrades" uye kuchinja kune zvigadziriswe zvekutonhodza zvinogona kudhura mari inodarika $ 1 bhiriyoni. Mutauriri weCommission Terrie Prosper akati 11,500 megawatts emagetsi matsva akachena achauya paIndaneti ne2026 kuzadzikisa zvido zvehurumende zvenguva refu.
Jason Bordorf, mubatsiri wedhipatimendi weColumbia Climate Institute, akataura kuti kunyange hurongwa hweCalifornia “huchigoneka nehunyanzvi,” haana chokwadi nekuda kwezvinetso zvekuvaka simba rekugadzira magetsi rinovandudzwa nekukurumidza.sex.Bardoff akati kune "zvikonzero zvakanaka" zvekufunga kuwedzera hupenyu hweRima Canyon kuderedza mari yemagetsi uye kuderedza kubudiswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.
"Tinofanirwa kubatanidza simba renyukireya nenzira inobvuma kuti haina njodzi.Asi njodzi dzekutadza kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvedu zvemamiriro ekunze dzinopfuura njodzi dzekubatanidza nyukireya musanganiswa wemagetsi zero-carbon," akadaro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-22-2022
