Mumwe murimi anokohwa mupunga mumusha weDhundi kumadokero kweIndia.Magetsi ezuva anosimbisa pombi yake yemvura uye anounza imwe mari.
Muna 2007, P. Ramesh ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri purazi renzungu rakanga richirasikirwa nemari.Sezvazvaiitika munzvimbo zhinji dzeIndia (uye zvichiri zvakadaro), Ramesh akashandisa musanganiswa wemishonga yezvipembenene nemafetireza pamunda wake wemahekita 2,4 mudunhu reAnantapur. maodzanyemba kweIndia.Kurima idambudziko mudunhu rino rakaita serenje, rinowana mvura isingasviki 600mm kwemakore mazhinji.
"Ndakarasikirwa nemari yakawanda ndichirima nzungu nenzira dzekurima nemakemikari," akadaro Ramesh, ane mazita ekutanga ababa vake anotevera zita rake, iro rinozivikanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekumaodzanyemba kweIndia. Makemikari anodhura, uye goho rake rakaderera.
Zvino muna 2017 akabva asiya mishonga iyi.” Kubva pandave kurima mabhindauko akaita sekurima masango nekurima, goho rangu nemari yakawedzera,” vakadaro.
Agroforestry inosanganisira kurima miti isingaperi (miti, makwenzi, michindwi, bamboo, nezvimwewo) pedyo nembesa (SN: 7/3/21 na 7/17/21, p. 30).Nzira yekurima yakasikwa inoda kutsiva makemikari ose fetireza nemishonga yezvipembenene ine organic matter sendove yemombe, weti yemombe nejaggery (shuga yebrown yakasimba yakagadzirwa nenzimbe) kuti iwedzere kudya kwevhu.Ramesh akawedzerawo goho rake nekuwedzera mapopo, mapfunde, okra, eggplant (inozivikanwa munharaunda imomo seeggplant. ) nezvimwe zvirimwa, pekutanga nzungu nemamwe madomasi.
Nerubatsiro rweAnantapur's non-profit Accion Fraterna Eco-Center, inoshanda nevarimi vanoda kuyedza kurima kwakasimba, Ramesh akawedzera purofiti yakakwana kutenga imwe nzvimbo, achiwedzera munda wake kusvika kune ina.hectares.Kufanana nezviuru zvevarimi mune zvekurima zvakare muIndia, Ramesh akabudirira kudyara ivhu rake rakapera uye miti yake mitsva yakaita basa mukuderedza carbon footprint yeIndia nekubatsira kuchengetedza carbon kubva mumhepo.basa diki asi rakakosha.Ongororo yazvino yakaratidza kuti agroforestry ine mukana wekutorwa kwekabhoni ne34% pamusoro pemhando dzekurima.
Kumadokero kweIndia, mumusha weDhundi mudunhu reGujarat, makiromita anopfuura chiuru kubva kuAnantapur, Pravinbhai Parmar, 36, ari kushandisa minda yake yemupunga kuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. .Uye ane shungu dzekungopomba mvura yaanoda nekuti anogona kutengesa magetsi aasingashandisi.
Sekureva kweCarbon Management 2020 mushumo, kuIndia kwepagore kabhoni kuburitsa matani 2.88 bhiriyoni kunogona kudzikiswa ne45 kusvika 62 miriyoni tonne pagore kana vese varimi vakaita seParmar vakachinjisa kumagetsi ezuva. nyika, nepo nhamba yose yepombi yepasi inofungidzirwa pa 20-25 mamiriyoni.
Kurima zvokudya uchishanda kuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi regreenhouse kwagara kuripo kubva mukurima kwakaomera nyika inofanira kudyisa iyo ichakurumidza kuva nhamba huru yevagari vepasi. .Wedzera mumagetsi anoshandiswa nechikamu chekurima uye nhamba inokwira kusvika ku22%.
Ramesh naParmar ndevamwe veboka duku revarimi vanowana rubatsiro kubva kuhurumende nezvirongwa zvisiri zvehurumende kuti vachinje kurima kwavanoita. MuIndia, vanhu vangangosvika mamiriyoni 146 vachiri kushanda paminda inorimwa mahekita mamiriyoni 160, kuchine rwendo rurefu rwekuenda.Asi nyaya dzekubudirira dzevarimi ava dzinoratidza kuti imwe yeIndia yakakura emitter inogona kuchinja.
Varimi vekuIndia vari kutonzwa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, dambudziko rekusanaya kwemvura, kunaya kwemvura zvisina kujeka uye mafungu emvura anopisa uye madutu emhepo ari kuramba achiwedzera.” Kana tichitaura nezvekurima kunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze, tinenge tichinyanya kutaura nezvekuti kungaderedza sei kusvibiswa kwemhepo,” vakadaro. Indu Murthy, mukuru wechikamu chinoona nezvemamiriro ekunze, zvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka kuCentre for Science, Technology and Policy Research, imwe nyanzvi yekuUnited States. " akati.
Nenzira dzakawanda, iyi ndiyo pfungwa yekusimudzira kurima kwakasiyana-siyana uye kudzoreredza kurima pasi peagroecology umbrella.YV Malla Reddy, director weAccion Fraterna Ecological Center, akati kurima kwechisikigo uye agroforestry zvikamu zviviri zvehurongwa huri kuwana zvakawanda. uye vamwe vatambi munzvimbo dzakasiyana muIndia.
"Shanduro yakakosha kwandiri ishanduko yemafungiro pamusoro pemiti nezvinomera mumakumi mashoma emakore apfuura," Reddy akadaro." Mumakore ekuma'70 nema'80, vanhu vaisanyatsokoshesa kukosha kwemiti, asi zvino vava kuona miti. , kunyanya miti yemichero nemichero, senzira yokuwana nayo mari.”Reddy ave ari mutsigiri wekusimudzira muIndia kwemakore anoda kusvika 50. Mamwe marudzi emiti, akadai sepongamia, subabul uye avisa, ane zvikomborero zvehupfumi kuwedzera kune michero yavo;vanopa chikafu chezvipfuyo nemafuta ehuni.
Sangano raReddy rakapa rubatsiro kumhuri dzinodarika 60 000 dzevarimi vekuIndia kurima masango uye kurima masango pamahekita anoda kusvika 165 000. Kuverengera kweivhu kabhoni sequestration kugona kwebasa ravo kuri kuenderera mberi.Asi mushumo wa2020 weIndia Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change yakaonekwa kuti iyi miitiro yokurima inogona kubatsira India kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo chekuwana 33 muzana yemasango nemiti panosvika 2030 kuti isangane nekushanduka kwayo kwemamiriro ekunze muParis.carbon sequestration zvipikirwa pasi peChibvumirano.
Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhinduro, kurima patsva inzira isingadhure yekuderedza carbon dioxide mumhepo. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa muna 2020 neNature Sustainability, kurima patsva kunodhura madhora gumi kusvika kumadhora zana patani imwe yecarbon dioxide inobviswa mumhepo, ukuwo hunyanzvi hunobvisa nemuchina. carbon kubva mumhepo inodhura $ 100 kusvika ku $ 1,000 patani ye carbon dioxide.Hakusi chete kuti rudzi urwu rwekurima rune musoro kune zvakatipoteredza, Reddy akati, asi sezvo varimi vanotendeukira kukurima kwekuvandudza, mari yavo inogona kuwedzera zvakare.
Zvinogona kutora makore kana makumi emakore kuti agadzirise maitiro ezvekurima kuti aone kukanganiswa kwekabhoni sequestration.Asi kushandisa simba rinovandudzwa mukurima kunogona kukurumidza kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo.Nechikonzero ichi, sangano reInternational Water Management Institute IWMI rakaparura simba rezuva sechirongwa chakabhadharwa chezvirimwa. mumusha weDhundi mugore ra2016.
"Chikonzero chikuru kuvarimi kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kusave nechokwadi kwazvinokonzeresa," akadaro Shilp Verma, muongorori wezvemvura, magetsi nechikafu kubva kuIWMI. "Chero chekurima chinobatsira varimi kutarisana nekusaziva chichawedzera kusimba mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze."Kana varimi vachikwanisa kupomba mvura yepasi nenzira inowirirana nemamiriro ekunze, vane mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa mamiriro asina kuchengetedzeka, Zvinopawo kukurudzira kuti imwe mvura irambe iri muvhu.” Kana ukapomba zvishoma, unogona kutengesa simba rakawandisa kune grid,” akadaro.Simba rezuva rinova bviro yemari.
Kurima mupunga, kunyanya mupunga munzvimbo yazara mvura, kunoda mvura yakawanda.Maererano neInternational Rice Research Institute, zvinotora avhareji yemarita 1,432 emvura kugadzira kirogiramu imwe chete yemupunga. chikamu chemvura yepasi rose yekudiridza, sangano rakati.India ndiyo ine mucheki mukuru wemvura pasi rose pasi rose, inotora chikamu che25% chekuchera pasi rose. Kana pombi yedhiziri ichibvisa, carbon inobudiswa mumhepo.Parmar nevamwe vake varimi vakashandisa. kutenga mafuta kuitira kuti pombi dzirambe dzichishanda.
Kutanga muma1960, kutorwa kwemvura yepasi muIndia kwakatanga kukwira zvakanyanya, nekukurumidza kudarika kumwewo.Izvi zvakanyanya kusundwa neGreen Revolution, chirongwa chekurima chemvura chakanyanya kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu munyika muma1970 nema1980, uye inoenderera mberi. neimwe nzira nanhasi.
“Taimboshandisa 25 000 rupees [inenge $330] pagore kufambisa pombi dzedu dzemvura dzinoshandisa dhiziri.Izvi zvaiwanzoita purofiti yedu, "akadaro Parmar. Muna 2015, IWMI payakamukoka kuti atore chikamu mupurojekiti yekudiridza zero-carbon solar, Parmar aiteerera.
Kubva ipapo, varimi vatanhatu vaParmar naDhundi vakatengesa 240,000 kWh kuhurumende uye vakawana mari inodarika miriyoni imwe chete nemazana mashanu emadhora ($20,000). Muhoro wepagore weParmar wakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kubva paavhareji yeRs 100,000-150,000 kusvika paRs 200,000,000,000.
Kusundidzira uku kuri kumubatsira kudzidzisa vana vake, mumwe wavo ari kuita dhigirii rekurima - chiratidzo chinokurudzira munyika umo kurima kwatadza kufarirwa nevezera diki. nekusvibiswa kushoma uye anotipa imwe mari yekuwedzera.Chii chisingadiwe?"
Parmar akadzidza kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mapaneru nemapombi ari ega. Iye zvino, misha yakavakidzana nayo painoda kuisa pombi dzemvura dzinoshandiswa nezuva kana kuti dzichida kudzigadzirisa, dzinoenda kwaari kuti dzibatsirwe.” Ndinofara kuti vamwe vari kutevera tsoka dzedu.Ndinodada chaizvo nezvavandifonera kuti ndibatsire nepombi yavo yezuva.
Chirongwa cheIWMI muDhundi chakabudirira zvekuti Gujarat yakatanga muna 2018 kudzokorora chirongwa chevarimi vese vanofarira pasi pechirongwa chinonzi Suryashakti Kisan Yojana, icho chinoturikira muzvirongwa zvemagetsi ezuva kuvarimi. Bazi reIndia reNew and Renewable Energy rava kupa rubatsiro uye zvikwereti zvine mubairo wakaderera kuvarimi zvekudiridzira zvine simba rezuva.
"Dambudziko guru nemamiriro ekunze-smart kurima nderekuti zvese zvatinoita zvinodzikisira kabhoni," akadaro Verma shamwari Aditi Mukherji, munyori weChinyorwa chaFebruary cheIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (SN: 22/3/26, p. 7 Peji).” Ndiro dambudziko guru.Iwe unoita sei chimwe chinhu chine yakaderera kabhoni tsoka isingakanganise mari nekubudirira? "Mukherji ndiye mutungamiriri wepurojekiti yedunhu rekudiridza kwezuva rekusimba kwekurima muSouth Asia, chirongwa cheIWMI chinotarisa mhinduro dzakasiyana dzekudiridza solar muSouth Asia.
Kudzokera kuAnantapur, "kwave kunewo kuchinja kunooneka kwezvinomera munharaunda yedu," Reddy akadaro. "Pakutanga, pangangodaro kusina miti munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenharaunda iyo isati yaonekwa nemaziso.Ikozvino, hapana kana nzvimbo imwe chete mumutsara wako wekuona ine miti inokwana makumi maviri.Ishanduko diki, asi imwe yekusanaya kwemvura yedu Inoreva zvakawanda mudunhu.Ramesh nevamwe varimi vava kunakidzwa nemari yakagadzikana, inoenderera mberi yekurima.
"Pandairima nzungu, ndaitengesa kumusika wemuno," akadaro Ramesh. Iye zvino ari kutengesa zvakananga kuvagari vemudhorobha kuburikidza nemapoka eWhatsApp.Bigbasket.com, mumwe wevatengesi vakuru vepamhepo muIndia, uye mamwe makambani atanga kutenga zvakananga. kubva kwaari kuti asangane nekukura kudiwa kwe organic uye "yakachena" michero nemiriwo.
"Iko zvino ndine chivimbo chekuti kana vana vangu vachida, vanogonawo kushanda mukurima uye kuva nehupenyu hwakanaka," akadaro Ramesh." Ndakanga ndisati ndanzwa nenzira imwechete ndisati ndawana nzira idzi dzekurima kusina makemikari."
DA Bossio et al.Basa rekabhoni yevhu mukugadziriswa kwemamiriro ekunze.Natural sustainability.roll.3, Chivabvu 2020.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-0491-z
A. Rajan et al.Carbon footprint yekudiridza pasi pemvura muIndia.Carbon Management, Vol.May 11, 2020.doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2020.1750265
T. Shah et al.Kurudzirai simba rezuva sechirimwa chine mubairo.Economic and Political Weekly.roll.52, Nov. 11, 2017.
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Nguva yekutumira: Jun-09-2022
