Mumakore achangopfuura, kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwe photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) kwakakwezva kufarira kukuru pakati pevatsvakurudzi, sezvo kushanda kwavo kunobva pakugadzirwa kwemagetsi emagetsi akachena. zvikumbiro zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwemaitiro ekuderedza kunoshandiswa kune induction motors (IM) .Iyo inorongwa kutonga inosarudza iyo yakakwana flux magnitude nekuderedza IM kurasikirwa.Pakuwedzera, iyo inoshanduka-nhanho yekuvhiringidza nzira yekucherechedza inotangwa zvakare.Kukodzera kwekutonga kunorongwa kunozivikanwa ne kuderedza sink current;saka, kurasikirwa kwemotokari kunoderedzwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kunovandudzwa.Iyo inorongwa yekutonga nzira inofananidzwa nemaitiro pasina kurasikirwa kuderedza.Kuenzanisa kwemigumisiro inoratidza kushanda kweiyo nzira yakarongwa, iyo inobva pakuderedza kurasikirwa mumagetsi emagetsi, kushandiswa ikozvino, kuyerera. mvura, uye kugadzira flux.A processor-in-the-loop (PIL) bvunzo inoitwa sechiyedzo chekuyedza nzira yakarongwa.Inosanganisira kushandiswa kweiyo yakagadzirwa C code pane STM32F4 yekuwanikwa board.Migumisiro yakawanikwa kubva kune yakadzamirwa bhodhi rakafanana nemhedzisiro yenhamba yekutevedzera.
Renewable simba, kunyanyasolarphotovoltaic tekinoroji, inogona kuve yakachena imwe nzira kune fossil mafuta mumvura yekupomba masisitimu1,2.Photovoltaic pombi masisitimu akagamuchira kutariswa kwakanyanya munzvimbo dziri kure dzisina magetsi3,4.
Injini dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa mukupomba maPV ekupomba.Nhanho yekutanga yePVWPS yakavakirwa pamagetsi eDC.Mamota aya ari nyore kudzora nekushandisa, asi anoda kugara achigadziriswa nekuda kwekuvapo kweanotator nemabhurashi5.Kukunda kukanganisa uku, brushless. magineti echigarire akaunzwa, ayo anoratidzirwa nebrashiless, kushanda kwepamusoro uye kuvimbika6.Kuenzaniswa nemamwe mota, IM-based PVWPS ine kuita zvirinani nekuti iyi mota inovimbika, isingadhuri, isingatarisire, uye inopa mikana yakawanda yekudzora maitiro7. .Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) maitiro uye Direct Torque Control (DTC) nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa8.
IFOC yakagadzirwa naBlaschke naHasse uye inobvumira kushandura IM speed pamusoro pehupamhi hwe9,10.Iyo stator ikozvino yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, imwe inogadzira magnetic flux uye imwe inogadzira torque nekushandura kune dq coordinate system.Izvi zvinobvumira. kudzora kwakazvimiririra kwekuyerera uye torque pasi pemamiriro akatsiga uye masimba masimba.Axis (d) inopindirana nerotor flux space vector, iyo inosanganisira q-axis chikamu che rotor flux space vector ichigara zero.FOC inopa mhinduro yakanaka uye inokurumidza11 ,12, zvisinei, nzira iyi yakaoma uye inoenderana nekusiyana kweparameter13. Kuti vakunde kukanganisa uku, Takashi naNoguchi14 vakaunza DTC, iyo ine simba guru rekuita uye yakasimba uye isinganzwisisi kuchinja kweparameter.MuDTC, iyo electromagnetic torque uye stator flux. inodzorwa nekubvisa iyo stator flux uye torque kubva kune zvinoenderana.zvose stator flux uye torque.
Kunyanya kusagadzikana kweiyi nzira yekutonga ndeye torque yakakura uye kushanduka kwekuchinja nekuda kwekushandisa hysteresis regulators ye stator flux uye electromagnetic torque regulation15,42.Multilevel converters inoshandiswa kuderedza ripple, asi kushanda kunoderedzwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi16. Vanyori vakati wandei vakashandisa space vector modulation (SWM)17, sliding mode control (SMC)18, idzo nzira dzine simba asi dziri kutambura neasingadiwe jittering effects19.Vatsvakurudzi vakawanda vakashandisa nzira dzenjere dzekugadzira kuvandudza kushanda kwemutongi, pakati pavo, (1) neural network, chirongwa chekutonga chinoda ma-high-speed processors kuti aite20, uye (2) genetic algorithms21.
Fuzzy control yakasimba, yakakodzera kune dzisiri mutsara nzira dzekudzora, uye haidi ruzivo rweiyo chaiyo modhi.Inosanganisira kushandiswa kweasinganzwisisi logic blocks pane hysteretic controllers uye chinja matafura ekusarudza kuderedza flux uye torque ripple.Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti FLC-based DTCs inopa kuita zvirinani22, asi haina kukwana kuti uwedzere kushanda kweinjini, saka kudzora loop optimization maitiro anodiwa.
Muzvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakapfuura, vanyori vakasarudza kugara vachiyerera sereferensi yekuyerera, asi iyi sarudzo yereferensi haimiriri maitiro akakwana.
Kushanda kwepamusoro-soro, kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro kwemotokari kunoda kukurumidza uye kwakarurama kupindura kwekukurumidzira.Kune rumwe rutivi, kune mamwe maitiro, kutonga kunogona kunge kusina kunaka, saka kushanda kwegadziriro yemotokari hakugoni kugadziriswa.Kushanda kuri nani kunogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa. inosiyana flux referensi panguva yekushandisa system.
Vanyori vakawanda vakaronga mutongi wekutsvaga (SC) iyo inoderedza kurasikirwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana emutoro (akadai se27) kuti avandudze kushanda kwejini.Iyo nzira inosanganisira kuyera uye kuderedza simba rekuisa kuburikidza ne iterative d-axis ikozvino referensi kana stator flux. Reference.Zvisinei, iyi nzira inosuma torque ripple nekuda kweoscillations iripo mumhepo-gap flux, uye kuita kweiyi nzira kunotora nguva uye computationally resource-yakanyanya.Particle swarm optimization inoshandiswawo kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda28, asi nzira iyi inogona kubatikana mune minima yemuno, zvichitungamira kusarudziro isina kunaka yekutonga paramita29.
Mune pepa rino, imwe nzira ine chokuita neFDTC inorongwa kuti isarudze iyo yakakwana magnetic flux nekuderedza kurasikirwa kwemotokari.Kusanganiswa uku kunogonesa kukwanisa kushandisa dhiyabhorosi yepamusoro pane imwe neimwe nzvimbo yekushanda, nokudaro kuwedzera kushanda kweiyo yakarongwa photovoltaic water pumping system. Nokudaro, inoratidzika kuva yakanyatsonaka kune photovoltaic water pumping applications.
Uyezve, purosesa-in-the-loop test yenzira yakarongwa inoshandiswa uchishandisa STM32F4 bhodhi sechiratidzo chekuedza.Kubatsira kukuru kweiyi musimboti ndeyekureruka kwekushandiswa, mari shoma uye hapana chikonzero chekugadzira mapurogiramu akaoma 30. , iyo FT232RL USB-UART yekushandura bhodhi inosanganiswa ne STM32F4, iyo inovimbisa kunze kwekutaurirana kwekunze kuitira kuti igadzirise virtual serial port (COM port) pakombiyuta.Iyi nzira inobvumira kuti data iendeswe pahupamhi hwepamusoro.
Kuitwa kwePVWPS uchishandisa nzira yakarongwa inofananidzwa nePV zvirongwa pasina kurasikirwa kuderedza pasi pemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda.Migumisiro yakawanikwa inoratidza kuti yakarongwa photovoltaic water pump system iri nani mukuderedza stator ikozvino uye kurasikirwa kwemhangura, optimizing flux uye kupomba mvura.
Mamwe mapepa akarongedzerwa sezvinotevera: Kuenzanisira kwegadziriro yakarongwa inopiwa muchikamu che "Modeling of Photovoltaic Systems" .Muchikamu "Kudzora mazano ehurongwa hwekudzidza", FDTC, chirongwa chekutonga chinorongwa uye nzira yeMPPT ndeye. inotsanangurwa zvakadzama.Zvakawanikwa zvinokurukurwa muchikamu che "Simulation Results".Muchikamu che"PIL test ne STM32F4 discovery board", processor-in-the-loop test inotsanangurwa.Mhedziso yepepa rino inoratidzwa mu " Mhedziso” chikamu.
Mufananidzo 1 unoratidza gadziriro yegadziriro yegadziriro yepombi yemvura yakamira-yega PV.Sitimu yacho ine IM-based centrifugal pump, photovoltaic array, maviri anoshandura simba [boost converter uye voltage source inverter (VSI)].Muchikamu chino , mufananidzo weiyo yakadzidzwa photovoltaic mvura yekupomba system inoratidzwa.
Iri bepa rinotora imwe-diode modhi yesolarphotovoltaic masero. Hunhu hwePV cell hunoratidzwa ne31, 32, uye 33.
Kuti uite gadziriso, chinoshandura chinosimudzira chinoshandiswa. Hukama huripo pakati pezvinopinza uye kubuda kwemagetsi eiyo DC-DC inoshandura inopihwa neEquation 34 pazasi:
Iyo yemasvomhu modhi yeIM inogona kutsanangurwa mureferensi furemu (α, β) neinotevera equations 5,40:
Iko \(l_{s }\),\(l_{r}\): stator uye rotor inductance, M: mutual inductance, \(R_{s }\), \(I_{s}\): stator resistance uye stator Yazvino, \(R_{r}\), \(I_{r }\): rotor kuramba uye rotor ikozvino, \(\phi_{s}\), \(V_{s}\): stator flux uye stator voltage , \(\phi_{r}\), \(V_{r}\): rotor flux uye rotor voltage.
Iyo centrifugal pombi inotakura torque yakaenzana kune sikweya yeIM yekumhanya inogona kutariswa ne:
Kudzorwa kwepombi yepombi yemvura yakarongwa yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana.Chikamu chekutanga chinobata tekinoroji yeMPPT.Chikamu chechipiri chine chekuita nekutyaira IM zvichibva pausinganzwisisike logic controller's direct torque control.Uyezve, Chikamu chechitatu chinotsanangura nzira ine chekuita ne FLC-yakavakirwa DTC iyo inobvumira kutsunga kwereferensi fluxes.
Mune basa iri, nzira yakasiyana-siyana yeP & O inoshandiswa kutsvaga simba guru guru.
Pfungwa huru yeDTC ndeyekudzora zvakananga kuyerera uye torque yemuchina, asi kushandiswa kweiyo hysteresis regulators yemagetsi torque uye stator flux regulation inokonzeresa torque yakakwira uye flux ripple. DTC nzira (Fig. 7), uye FLC inogona kukura zvakakwana inverter vector states.
Munhanho iyi, iyo yekuisa inoshandurwa kuita misiyano isinganzwisisike kuburikidza nemabasa enhengo (MF) uye mazwi emitauro.
Mabasa matatu enhengo yekutanga (εφ) haana kunaka (N), akanaka (P), uye zero (Z), sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.
Iwo mashanu enhengo mabasa ekuisa yechipiri (\(\varepsilon\)Tem) ari Negative Large (NL) Negative Diki (NS) Zero (Z) Positive Diki (PS) uye Positive Large (PL), sezvaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.
Iyo stator flux trajectory ine zvikamu gumi nemaviri, umo iyo fuzzy set inomiririrwa ne isosceles triangular nhengo basa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 5.
Tafura 1 mapoka 180 asina kujeka mitemo inoshandisa iyo yekupinza nhengo mabasa kusarudza yakakodzera chinja nyika.
Nzira yekufungidzira inoitwa pachishandiswa nzira yaMamdani.Chiremera (\(\alpha_{i}\)) chemurairo we i-th chinopiwa ne:
apo\(\mu Ai \left( {e\varphi } \kurudyi)\),\(\mu Bi\left( {eT} \kurudyi) ,\) \(\mu Ci\left( \theta \kurudyi) \) : Kukosha kwenhengo yemagnetic flux, torque uye stator flux angle kukanganisa.
Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza humiro hwakapinza hunowanikwa kubva kune hunyoro hutsika uchishandisa iyo yakanyanya nzira yakatsanangurwa neEq.(20).
Nokuwedzera kushanda kwemotokari, chiyero chekuyerera chinogona kuwedzerwa, icho chinowedzera mvura yezuva nezuva yekupomba (Mufananidzo 7) .Chinangwa chemaitiro anotevera ndechekubatanidza kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kwakavakirwa mazano nenzira yakananga yekutonga torque.
Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kukosha kwemagnetic flux kwakakosha pakushanda kwemotokari.Kukwira kwepamusoro kwemaitiro kunotungamirira kukurasikirwa kwesimbi pamwe chete nemagnetic saturation yedunhu.Nekusiyana, kuderera kwemazinga anokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kweJoule.
Naizvozvo, kudzikiswa kwekurasikirwa muIM kune hukama zvakananga nesarudzo yedanho rekuyerera.
Nzira yakarongwa inobva pakuenzanisa kwekurasikirwa kweJoule kunobatanidza nezvino inoyerera kuburikidza ne stator windings mumushini.Inosanganisira kugadzirisa kukosha kwe rotor flux kusvika kune zvakakosha zvakakosha, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemotokari kuwedzera kubudirira.Joule kurasikirwa. inogona kuratidzwa sezvinotevera (kuregeredza kurasikirwa kukuru):
Iyo electromagnetic torque\(C_{em}\) uye rotor flux\(\phi_{r}\) inoverengerwa mudq coordinate system se:
Iyo electromagnetic torque\(C_{em}\) uye rotor flux\(\phi_{r}\) inoverengerwa mureferensi (d,q) se:
nekugadzirisa equation.(30), tinogona kuwana yakaringana stator yazvino inova nechokwadi chepamusoro rotor flux uye kurasikirwa kushoma:
Mienzaniso yakasiyana-siyana yakaitwa pachishandiswa MATLAB/Simulink software kuti iongorore kusimba nekushanda kwemaitiro akarongwa.Sitimu inoferefetwa ine maseru 230 W CSUN 235-60P mapaneru (Table 2) akabatana munhevedzano.Pombi yecentrifugal inofambiswa neIM, uye maitiro ayo maitiro anoratidzwa muTebhu 3. Zvikamu zvePV pumping system zvinoratidzwa muTebhu 4.
Muchikamu chino, photovoltaic water pumping system inoshandisa FDTC ine nguva dzose inoyerera inofananidzwa nehurongwa hunotsanangurwa hunobva pane optimal flux (FDTCO) pasi pemamiriro akafanana ekushanda.Kuitwa kwemaitiro maviri e photovoltaic kwakaedzwa nekufungisisa zvinotevera:
Ichi chikamu chinopa mamiriro ekutanga-up mamiriro epombi yepombi yakavakirwa pachiyero chekuisa 1000 W / m2. Mufananidzo 8e unoratidza mhinduro yemagetsi ekukurumidza.Kuenzaniswa neFDTC, nzira inorongwa inopa nguva iri nani yekusimudza, inosvika pakadzikama pa 1.04 s, uye neFDTC, inosvika pakadzikama pa 1.93 s. Mufananidzo 8f unoratidza kupomba kwemaitiro maviri ekutonga.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti FDTCO inowedzera huwandu hwepombi, iyo inotsanangura kuvandudzwa kwesimba rinoshandurwa neIM.Figures 8g. uye 8h inomiririra yakadhirowewa stator current.The startup current using FDTC is 20 A, while the proposed control strategy suggests startup current of 10 A, iyo inoderedza Joule kurasikirwa.Figures 8i uye 8j inoratidza yakagadziridzwa stator flux.The FDTC-based PVPWS inoshanda pane imwe nguva inotarisa inoyerera ye 1.2 Wb, ichiri munzira yakarongwa, iyo inotaridzirwa inoyerera ndeye 1 A, iyo inobatanidzwa mukuvandudza kushanda kweiyo photovoltaic system.
(a)Solarmwaranzi (b) Kubvisa magetsi (c) Duty cycle (d) DC bhazi voltage (e) Rotor speed (f) Pombi mvura (g) Stator phase current yeFDTC (h) Stator phase current yeFDTCO (i) Flux response using FLC (j) Flux mhinduro uchishandisa FDTCO (k) Stator flux trajectory uchishandisa FDTC (l) Stator flux trajectory uchishandisa FDTCO.
Thesolarmwaranzi yakasiyana kubva 1000 kusvika 700 W / m2 pa 3 masekondi uye ipapo kusvika 500 W / m2 pa 6 masekonzi (Figu. 8a) .Figure 8b inoratidza rinoenderana photovoltaic simba nokuda 1000 W/m2, 700 W/m2 uye 500 W/m2 .Mifananidzo 8c uye 8d inoratidzira basa rekutenderera uye DC link voltage, maererano.Mufananidzo 8e unoratidza kukurumidza kwemagetsi eIM, uye tinogona kuona kuti nzira inorongwa ine kukurumidza kukurumidza uye nguva yekupindura kana ichienzaniswa neFDTC-based photovoltaic system.Mufananidzo 8f inoratidza kupomba kwemvura kwemazinga akasiyana eradiance anowanikwa pachishandiswa FDTC neFDTCO.Kupomba kwakawanda kunogona kuwanikwa neFDTCO pane neFDTC.Mifananidzo 8g ne8h inoratidza mhinduro dzazvino uno dzakafananidzwa uchishandisa nzira yeFDTC uye nzira yekudzora yakarongwa.Nekushandisa nzira yekudzora yakarongwa. , iyo amplitude yemazuva ano inoderedzwa, iyo inoreva kurasikirwa kwemhangura kushoma, nokudaro kuwedzera kushanda kwehurongwa.Saka, kukwirira kwekutanga-up currents kunogona kutungamirira kuderedzwa kwemashini.optimal flux kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti kurasikirwa kunoderedzwa, naizvozvo, nzira yakarongwa inoratidza kushanda kwayo.Kusiyana neMufananidzo 8i, iyo inoyerera inogara isingagumi, iyo isingamiriri kushanda kwakakwana.Mifananidzo 8k uye 8l inoratidza kushanduka kwe stator flux trajectory.Mufananidzo. 8l inotaridza iyo yakakwana flux budiriro uye inotsanangura iyo pfungwa huru yeyakarongwa yekudzora zano.
Kamwe kamwe shanduko mukatisolarmwaranzi yakashandiswa, kutanga ne irradiance ye 1000 W / m2 uye kamwe kamwe kuderera kusvika ku 500 W / m2 mushure me 1.5 s (Fig. 9a) .Mufananidzo 9b inoratidza simba re photovoltaic rakabudiswa kubva kune photovoltaic panels, rinoenderana ne1000 W / m2 uye 500 W / m2.Mifananidzo 9c uye 9d inoratidzira basa rekutenderera uye DC link voltage, maererano.Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva mumufananidzo 9e, nzira inorongwa inopa nguva yekupindura iri nani.Mufananidzo 9f unoratidza kupomba kwemvura kunowanikwa kune nzira mbiri dzekutonga.Kupomba. ine FDTCO yakanga yakakwirira kudarika neFDTC, kupomba 0.01 m3 / s pa 1000 W / m2 irradiance kana ichienzaniswa ne0.009 m3 / s neFDTC;uyezve, apo irradiance yaive 500 W At / m2, FDTCO yakapomba 0.0079 m3/s, ukuwo FDTC yakapomba 0.0077 m3/s.Figures 9g uye 9h.Inotsanangura mhinduro yemazuva ano inofananidzwa uchishandisa nzira yeFDTC uye nzira yekudzora yakarongwa.Tinogona kuona kuti chirongwa chekutonga chinorongwa chinoratidza kuti amplitude yemazuva ano inoderedzwa pasi pekuchinja kwekukurumidza kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemhangura. inofananidzira kushanda kwayo nekuputika kwe1Wb uye irradiance ye1000 W / m2, nepo The flux iri 0.83Wb uye irradiance ndeye 500 W / m2. Kusiyana neFig. 9i, kuputika kunogara ku1.2 Wb, iyo isingaiti. Mienzaniso 9k uye 9l inoratidza kushanduka kwe stator flux trajectory.Mufananidzo 9l unoratidza hutano hwakanaka hwekugadzirisa uye inotsanangura pfungwa huru yegadziriro yakarongwa yekutonga uye kuvandudzwa kwepurogiramu yekupomba.
(a)Solarmwaranzi (b) Simba rakabviswa (c) Duty cycle (d) DC bhazi voltage (e) Kumhanya kwerotor (f) Kuyerera kwemvura (g) Stator phase current yeFDTC (h) Stator phase current yeFDTCO (i) ) Flux mhinduro uchishandisa FLC (j) Flux mhinduro uchishandisa FDTCO (k) Stator flux trajectory uchishandisa FDTC (l) Stator flux trajectory uchishandisa FDTCO.
Ongororo yekuenzanisa yetekinoroji mbiri maererano nekukosha kwekuyerera, ikozvino amplitude uye kupomba inoratidzwa muTafura 5, iyo inoratidza kuti iyo PVWPS yakavakirwa pane yakarongwa tekinoroji inopa kushanda kwepamusoro nekuwedzera kwekuyerera kwepombi uye kuderedzwa amplitude ikozvino uye kurasikirwa, iyo inofanirwa. kune yakanyanya kunaka flux sarudzo.
Kuti uone uye uedze chirongwa chekutonga, bvunzo yePIL inoitwa zvichibva pabhodhi reSTM32F4. Inosanganisira kugadzira kodhi inotakurwa uye inomhanya pabhodhi rakaiswa. Bhodhi rine 32-bit microcontroller ine 1 MB Flash, 168 MHz. wachi frequency, floating point unit, DSP mirairo, 192 KB SRAM.Mukati memuedzo uyu, yakagadziridzwa PIL block yakagadzirwa muhurongwa hwekutonga ine code yakagadzirwa yakavakirwa pa STM32F4 yekuwana hardware board uye yakaunzwa muSimulink software.Matanho ekubvumira PIL bvunzo kuti dzigadziriswe uchishandisa STM32F4 bhodhi inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 10.
Co-simulation PIL kuyedza uchishandisa STM32F4 inogona kushandiswa senzira ine mutengo wakaderera kuratidza nzira yakatsanangurwa.
Iyo yekupedzisira inoitwa panguva imwe chete neSimulink uye inotsinhana ruzivo panguva yekubatana-simulation uchishandisa yakarongwa PVWPS nzira.Mufananidzo 12 unoratidza kushandiswa kweiyo optimization tekinoroji subsystem mu STM32F4.
Iyo chete yakatsanangurwa yakanakisa referensi yekuyerera nzira inoratidzwa mune iyi co-simulation, sezvo iri iyo huru yekudzora shanduko yebasa iri inoratidza kudzora maitiro eiyo photovoltaic mvura yekupomba system.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-15-2022
